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Limiting Alcohol to Manage High Blood Pressure American Heart Association

வழக்கறிஞர் ராஜாசுந்தர் ராமன்

Dec 10, 2021

Heavy drinkers who want to lower blood pressure should slowly reduce how much they drink over one to two weeks. The evidence synthesised in this review was collected from 32 RCTs in 767 participants. Of the 32 studies, two studied low‐dose alcohol, 12 studied medium‐dose alcohol, and 19 studied high‐dose alcohol. The sample size in the meta‐analysis for low‐dose comparison was not adequate to assess the effects of low doses of alcohol on BP and HR; however, we believe that the direction of the change in BP and HR was correct. For medium doses and high doses of alcohol, participants represented a range in terms of age, sex, and health condition. Because the participant population comprised predominantly young and healthy normotensive men, the overall evidence generated in this review cannot be extrapolated to women and older populations with other comorbidities.

  • However, some reports indicate that alcohol-dependent women develop ACM after consuming less alcohol over a shorter period than do age-matched alcohol-dependent men (Fernández-Solà et al. 1997; Urbano-Marquez et al. 1989).
  • This area of research was briefly outlined here; more comprehensive reviews on these mechanisms are available (Krenz and Korthuis 2012; Mathews et al. 2015).
  • The American Heart Association is a relentless force for a world of longer, healthier lives.
  • There are few strategies for the control, prevention and treatment of alcohol-induced hypertension as shown in Figure ​Figure22.

People who drink regularly consume a mean of 33 g of anhydrous alcohol per day, with beer being the most common alcoholic beverage. If you have been diagnosed with high blood pressure, also known as hypertension, your health care professional may advise you to reduce the amount of alcohol you drink. Each study had to meet strict eligibility criteria, allowing researchers to focus on participants with no previous history of cardiovascular disease. We created three SoF tables to show the certainty of evidence and the summary of effects on outcomes of interest (SBP, DBP, and HR) for high (Table 1), medium (Table 2), and low doses (Table 3) of alcohol.

Sierksma 2004b published data only

Too many episodes of tachycardia could lead to more serious issues like heart failure or going into irregular rhythms, which can cause heart attack and stroke. All the outcomes for this review (blood pressure and heart rate) produce continuous data. We will calculate and https://ecosoberhouse.com/ report mean difference (MD), with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Change in early (1 to 6 hours after consumption), intermediate (6 to 12 hours after consumption) and late (13 hours to 26 hours after consumption) resting seated systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Most likely, the decrease in contractility was offset by corresponding decreases in afterload (end-systolic wall stress), systemic vascular resistance, and aortic peak pressure, which maintained cardiac output. It is important to note that, unlike other studies with more discrete alcohol consumption categories, alcohol use was nonspecifically defined in INTERHEART as the consumption of at least 1 alcoholic beverage within the previous 12 months (Leong et al. 2014). Interestingly, the strength of this association was not consistent across different geographic regions. Alcohol use was protective against CHD for subjects in most countries, except for people of South Asian ethnicity living in South Asia (India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka).

Latella 2009 published data only

The evidence from investigations with various designs converge regarding the acute biphasic effect of ethanol on BP and the risk of chronic consumption on the incidence of hypertension, particularly for Blacks. These effects do not support the putative cardioprotective effect of consumption of low-to-moderate amounts of alcoholic beverages. Mechanisms of chronic BP increase and the demonstration of long-term benefits of reducing alcohol intake as a means to treat hypertension remain open questions. Studies have shown that a reduction in alcohol intake is effective in lowering the blood pressure both in hypertensives and normotensives and may help to prevent the development of hypertension[12,41,95,96]. Heavy drinkers who cut back to moderate drinking can lower their systolic blood pressure by 2 to 4 mm of mercury (mm Hg) and their diastolic blood pressure by 1 to 2 mmHg.

  • Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries between heartbeats.
  • Alcohol stimulates the release of endothelin 1 and 2 from vascular endothelium in a dose dependent manner[81].
  • Cortisol increases the release of catecholamines, which are chemicals in the body that help regulate many processes and help keep the body functioning as it should.
  • A J-shaped relationship for females showed protective effects at or below consumption levels of 15 g/day (Taylor et al. 2009).

When noradrenaline stimulates the adrenergic receptors located in the heart muscles, heart rate and blood pressure are increased. We are moderately certain that medium‐dose alcohol decreased blood pressure and increased heart rate within six hours of consumption. We did not see any significant change in blood pressure or heart rate after that, but the evidence was limited. Decreasing or eliminating your alcohol intake can lower your chances of developing high blood pressure.

Mechanisms Related to Alcohol’s Positive and Adverse Effects on CV Conditions

Alcohol also increases the angiotensin II levels in the blood and vessels[62,63]. Endothelin 1 and 2 as well as angiotensin II are known to be potent vasoconstrictors of the blood vessels[63,81]. Angiotensin II stimulates superoxide production via AT1 receptor, by activating NADPH oxidase in the vascular wall[82,83]. Superoxide productions how alcohol affects blood pressure through NADPH oxidase activation (p22phox expression) has been demonstrated in rats made hypertensive with angiotensin II infusion[84]. Chronic ethanol ingestion induces hypertension which is correlated with elevated tissue angiotensin II levels, and activation of NADPH oxidase activity causing endothelial injury in rats[62,79,80].

how alcohol affects blood pressure

Some scientists suggest a J-shaped curve between alcohol and CVD, but this remains a hypothesis. In fact, over the long term, Blacks appear more prone to BP elevations than Whites or Asians. In one study, the risk for high BP among men increased by a fifth with 1-2 drinks but by half and three-fourths with 3-4 and 5 or more drinks a day. Women failed to show an increased risk at low dosages, but above two drinks a day, they had a 42% increase in risk. However, this finding remains to be validated and has been contradicted by other research. One area of interest is how the consumption of alcohol impacts blood pressure.


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கருத்துக்கள் பதிவாகவில்லை- “Limiting Alcohol to Manage High Blood Pressure American Heart Association”

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